Traditional folk discipline and the grass-roots dissemination of Confucianism
Author: Zhou Guolin and Zhou Wenyan (subtitled “You are here.” Lan Xue nodded to Xi Shixun with a smile and said: “Delayed before Yes, I have to come over now, Xiantuo shouldn’t blame my husband for being negligent, right?” Professor at the School of History and Culture at Ye Xue, Special Researcher at Hunan Middle School JM Escorts Medical University Base, Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics)
Source: “Guangming Daily”
Time: Confucius 257 Jamaicans Escort four years The twenty-fifth day of the winter month of Guimao is already here
Jesus January 6, 2024
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Our country’s modern family mottos and family rules have a long history. Especially since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as clans have become common people and become more organized, family mottos and clan rules have flourished like never before, forming a phenomenon of co-existence of genealogy and discipline. The content of folk discipline is in line with the Confucian spirit and involves all aspects of life. It emphasizes the cultivation of moral ethics and the establishment of a philosophy of family governance and life for future generations to abide by. It also uses historical allusions, good words and deeds for popular interpretation. With its huge size and wide audience, folk family rules and regulations have become an important method for the grassroots dissemination of Confucianism.
The coexistence of folk genealogy and discipline
In traditional society, every family, no matter how big or small, has a tradition of attaching importance to the construction and compilation of family treesJM Escorts. Forming a unique and prosperous situation of family tree, family rules and family training. Genealogy compilation is often a major event for a clan, and is an important basis for identifying noble families, distinguishing superiority from inferiority, uniting clan branches, and respecting clans. For example, the “Chaohu Li Clan’s Zongjie” contained in the “Li Family Tradition” in Hefei, Anhui Province in the 10th year of Qianlong’s reign says: “In order to repair the family tradition, we should adhere to the ancestral alliance, Jamaica Sugar DaddyFilial piety and filial piety are the rules for future generations.”Xiling Lin’s “Sustained Genealogy Narrative” makes the importance of genealogy revision even more clear: “The predecessors said that it was unfilial for three generations not to revise genealogy, and genealogy is so important! Those who sincerely write down the records, preface the noble and the humble, distinguish the high and the low, and distinguish the superior and the inferior. Those who are responsible should not mention the past but pass it on to the future, which will not only cause future generations to criticize. ” (Volume 1 of “The Genealogy of the Xiling Lin Family” in Jamaica Sugar City, “Continued Genealogy Narrative”) Some clans associate genealogy revision with Connected with the concept of “filial piety”, the old saying JM Escorts is even quoted to emphasize the importance of revising genealogy for thirty years. Importance.
Because of the large branches of the family and the differences between the wise and the foolish, family rules and regulations are needed to “show the law and precepts” to the descendants to control the behavior of the descendants of the clan and make them effective. Follow. In the view of genealogy compilers, family rules and family training are indispensable. “Family rules are like state laws. If the country is lawless, it is impossible to prohibit rape and prevent violence; if the family is without rules, it is impossible to harmonize the clan and protect the clan. Laws and regulations have the same relationship. “(Volume 1 of Ezhou’s “The Genealogy of the Xiong Family” “Re-establishing Family Rules”) reminded the national laws and family rules. Because of this, her attitude and method of serving the young ladies also changed. She no longer regarded She regards it as her starting point, but wholeheartedly regards her internal and external relationships and different scopes of application. With the development of family power and the rise of genealogy, family mottos and family rules play an increasingly important role in genealogy. In the process of folk genealogy, almost every genealogy contains family mottos and family rules, and even the presence or absence of discipline and even the degree of discipline directly reflects the compilation quality of a family tree. In addition, the family mottos and family rules are recorded in the genealogy. Judging from their status, they are mostly located at the beginning of the volume or the first volume, just after the genealogy preface and the rules, and some holy edicts are even printed directly on the cover page of the genealogy. This reflects from the side that discipline plays an important role in the genealogy.
This type of family rules and regulations often also attaches great importance to inheritance, and many of them are reconstructed and supplemented. For example, Changsha Tang family also has “New Clan Rules” on the basis of “Family Instructions” and “Original Clan Rules”. . The Qiu family in Liyi had “Family Rules”, “Family Instructions” and “Family Covenants”, and during the second revision, a new “Second Revision of Family Covenants” was made. /jamaica-sugar.com/”>Jamaicans Sugar Daddy, “In addition to continuing the faction, it is Jamaica Sugar Daddy Regarding the family rules and housekeeping of the masters, they are rarely supplements, but a few regulations.”(“Short Preface” of “Ning’s Family Rules and Regulations”) “Yan’s Gengwu Genealogy” in the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930) contains more abundant information on family rules and regulations. In addition to “Household Rules” contained in “Shou Zhuan 1”, the entire volume of “Shou Zhuan 2” is devoted to “ancestral teachings”, including “Eight Precepts of Sheng Rui Gong”, “Eight Excerpts of Hengtai Public Instructions”, “Excerpts of Di Di” 14 kinds including “Essays on Zhai Gong’s Exhortations”, “Jamaicans Escort Shanquan Gong’s Four Slangs” and “Sixteen Public Instructions of Great Men”. Compared with making family rules and family precepts into plaques or inscriptions, they are also inheritable. But often due to space limitations, it is not as detailed as the genealogy. Moreover, a reason that cannot be ignored is that plaques and inscriptions can be copied in unlimited numbers and are not difficult to be eroded over time. Genealogy can be rebuilt and revised over time, with better inheritance, continuity and popularity. The clan’s “Zongban” published in the seventh year of Qianlong’s reign in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province said: “But the clan is large and numerous and lives far away, so we cannot warn you in time, which may lead to accidental mistakes. Therefore, we strictly follow the rules and apply the clan ban. The eldest son is assigned the same surname and is given the name Erti. “It can even be said that the inheritance of family rules and traditions is indispensable for every family. With its huge size and strong folk foundation, folk discipline has become the core of China’s Jamaica Sugar traditional family discipline. cornerstone.
Folk discipline and the logic of grassroots dissemination of Confucianism
As far as the spread of Confucianism is concerned, in addition to the study, promotion, and dissemination of traditional culture by the upper-class scholar-bureaucrats, how does Confucian culture penetrate into the lower-level people in grassroots society? “The Analects of Confucius” proposes that various Confucian books including imperial examinations and various Confucian books compiled by scholar-bureaucrats Jamaica Sugar have contributed to the spread of Confucian thought Play an important role. “Customs and civilizations” and “little traditions” such as family rules and family training constitute themselves in the mutual penetration and connection with the elite civilization of Jamaicans Sugardaddy features and advantages. In the process of Confucian culture becoming popular and popular, and then penetrating into the grassroots, the role and influence of family training and clan rules are irreplaceableJM Escortschanged.
The local elites in traditional society, with the gentry as the main body, make Confucian benevolence, justice, etiquette, wisdom, trustworthiness, loyalty and filial piety through preaching sacred decrees and rural covenants, formulating family laws and clan rules, and compiling good words and deeds. FestivalConcepts such as righteousness and good deeds are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and at the grassroots level. In the end, Confucianism, the invisible hand, affects and arranges people’s behavior, daily life, and thoughts in traditional society all the time. It is precisely because Confucianism is not only metaphysical but also metaphysical Confucianism for daily use, which has been integrated into the life and blood of each of us. (Zhang Liwen: “Daily Confucianism and the National Spirit”, “Guangming Daily”, July 2016 21.) Confucianism has such strong vitality.
Popular interpretation and dissemination of Confucian spirit through folk disciplines
As far as the content of discipline is concerned, family training and family rules involve all aspects of life. From personal self-cultivation, academic studies, and conduct to family ethics, family management, clan norms and even neighborhood and township party relations, Eventually, the state and society show obvious levels of hierarchy and rich connotations.
In the long-standing inheritance, filial piety, loyalty, trust, gentleness, courtesy, thrift, etc. have made content such as Jamaicans Sugardaddy become widely consensus. Family rules and mottos inherit traditional virtues and convey good laws and good governance. The “Public Instructions of Cheng’an” in the “Family Instructions of the Yao Family in Wuxing” says: “Filial piety, loyalty, etiquette, justice, and integrity are the eight pillars. Only with eight pillars can a universe be formed, and only with eight characters can a man be restrained.” Family Instructions Family Although there are different interpretations in the regulations on filial piety to parents, harmony with brothers, proper husband and wife, training of descendants (duanmengnuang), respect for the clan, good neighborliness, careful marriage, attending to one’s own business, abstaining from litigation, and abiding by national laws, etc., they all have different interpretations. But its inheritance of Confucian ideas is in the same vein.
For the descendants of the clan who are generally illiterate and have low levels of civilization, disciplines should be explained in plain and easy-to-understand language. For example, the family motto “Filial piety and brotherhood” in Macheng’s “Zhou Family Genealogy” revised for the third time in 1915 says: “When a person is a child, if he does not see his parents for a long time, he will cry uncontrollably. If brothers sleep in the same bed, they will pity each other and love each other. It’s like a rebellious son and a younger brother. Later, the father and the son blame each other for good deeds, and the brothers compete for wealth, or they listen to the wife’s words and become inferior to the parents and younger brothers. Gradually, there are parents who do not know what is wrong in the world. Trust, the strictness of responsibility comes from the high expectations. The most rare thing is brothers. How can wealth outside the body be as important as brothers and sisters? The old Confucians believed that a man who believes in his wife’s words but cares about his property and his parents is not a good man. If a man grows up and develops virtues, why should he not be as good as he was when he was young? In the “Xu Family Genealogy” compiled in Yixing in the fourth year of Guangxu’s reign, the discussion of brotherhood in the clan rules and family mottos says: “Brothers are one body and divided into two parts.Since the founding of the family, there is no one who does not start from Yongmu. In the later generations, brothers often had conflicts with each other, ranging from small disputes to serious lawsuits. As a result, the sons and nephews gradually became enemies and became enemies of each other, which was a pity for both the good and the good. Therefore, the discipline recommends that brothers should be mindful of their compatriots, “Don’t confuse your wife’s words, don’t listen to the slander of petty people, value wealth more than righteousness, take care of each other’s priorities, work together as one, and sympathize with each other in times of adversity.” Some families even include family mottos The clan rules are posted in the ancestral hall for the clan members to read and memorize them JM Escorts At the same time, the loudest among the clan members are selected during regular memorial gatherings. Read out the family rules and even the “Holy Edict” aloud, and explain them in simple language at any time, in the hope of achieving better educational and educational results.
While reading and reading. When reviewing disciplinary documents in genealogy, you will find that some clauses in the disciplinary rules of many families have similar words or similar content. This kind of reference is even more extensive for the words and deeds of sages and celebrities, and there are even some family disciplinary texts. The content is almost the same. At first glance, such similar or similar family mottos and family rules seem to be plagiarism. In fact, this phenomenon reflects the acquisition of a family’s family motto and the basic principles of its disciplines. Other families recognized it or reached a consensus in the entire society, and eventually it transcended the scope of one family and spread among the locals and even further areas.
Civil discipline. Emphasis on practicing family mottos
Family mottos and family rules are important to practice. In order to ensure the execution of family mottos and family rules, the main point is family rules and family mottos. Combined with the reward and punishment methods, it has a strong effect of persuasion and punishment. Excellent clan members are often used as examples in family mottos and family rules, and the family members are asked to study and be sensible. The “Family Rules: Showing Rewards” of the Zhan family in Macheng clearly stipulates that “the descendants of the family are capable.” “Fen Zhi Poems and Books, those with outstanding achievements shall be rewarded as needed”. The rewards include not only material benefits, but also some privileges in clan activities, such as privileges during memorial ceremonies, priority in having deeds recorded in the family car, courtesy from clan members, etc. These measures are a great encouragement for the tribesmen to study, become officials, serve the country and other “real careers”. For example, during family memorial times, the ranking and seating are often based on status, fame, official position, and order of succession. The standards are strictly implemented and convey relatively clear Neo-Confucian concepts.
Unlike the persuasive nature of family mottos, family rules have a certain degree of rigidity and have obvious disciplinary and virtuous effects, showing that they are well-known abroad. The extension of Faxiang family rules. Ezhou’s “Yanshi GengwuJamaica Sugar Daddy Genealogy” contains the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (Jamaicans Sugardaddy1900) is a practical extension of national law to family rules.Evidence historical data. In order to straighten the family tradition, the Yan family formulated household rules to supplement the laws and regulations. In order to make future generations abide by it at all times, the family elders must submit the household rules to the local magistrate for approval and obtain approval for filing. The approval document even includes “If you are not instructed in the future, you can be sent to the case for punishmentJamaica Sugaralso”. That is, if there are descendants in the family who do not follow the rules and do evil, the clan leader has the right to send the clan members to the government for punishment. This is the extension of national law to family rules and a true portrayal of the interaction between imperial power and clan power.
The “Clan Rules and Family Instructions of the Handu Xu Family in Yixing” contained in the “Genealogy of the Handu Xu Family” in the fourth year of Guangxu’s reign states that “there are rules in the clan, and there are laws in the country.” “Ye” words. This concept is common in folk family rules and mottos. Similarly, Ningyi Hu’s “General Statement on Family Regulations” also believes that the origin of the formulation of family rules Jamaicans Escort is: “The ancients have advanced The country prohibits it, but the people know and obey the law. It is foolish to say that it is inherent in the country, and it is appropriate for the family to be strong. Jamaicans Sugardaddy. Isn’t it caused by your family? ” Lan Mu couldn’t help but said angrily. There are many different tribes, wise and foolish, and there are always some unworthy tribesmen. Regarding the clan members’ behaviors such as litigation, gambling, whoring, stealing, and soliciting bandits, the various harmful effects and consequences of the above-mentioned bad behaviors are emphasized in the discipline. “It’s really sad to see all such scum. Love is strictly prohibited. Gentlemen who do evil are afraid of crime, and righteous people are afraid of punishment. They have a gentleman’s heart and respect the customs.” If someone does not abide by family laws and family rules, or even violates the country’s constitution, they will not change despite repeated admonitions. Disciple, the lightest punishment is to be punished by being sent to the temple, and the most severe punishment is to send the first disciple to the official for correction. The “Genealogy of the Ren Family in Beili, Yixing” of the Republic of China states in the “Report on a Large Number of Ancestral Temples”: “Those who are unfortunate enough to commit crimes and commit crimes will not be allowed to enter the temple whether they are alive or dead.” One encouragement and one punishment have the obvious direction of encouraging good and punishing evilJamaica Sugar. Through a set of effective methods such as role models, rewards and punishments, the execution of family rules and precepts is ultimately ensured.
In short, folk family training and family rules have distinct “folk” characteristics and mostly rely on genealogy to exist, forming a phenomenon of coexistence of genealogy and discipline. Folk discipline is rich in connotation, and the concept of cultivating harmony and peace advocated by Confucianism is all contained in it. The language of folk discipline is plain, almost slang, supplemented by vivid cases, read out loud during family memorials, and explained at any time to ensure the face of folk disciplineJM Escorts is accessible to those who are not highly civilized in the family. Family motto focuses on persuasion, soft language, family rules are certain to be rigid, and punishment will be imposed if violated , the two are inextricably linked, embodying the guidance and practicality of folk discipline in the realm of persuasion and punishment, as Confucian culture goes to the public, penetrates into the people, and then penetrates into the grassroots, becoming a daily necessity for the people. In the process of basic observance of self-knowledge, the influence and influence of family training and clan rules are irreplaceable
Editor: Jin Fu
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